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Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle ((ギリシア語:Μακεδονικὸς Ἀγών)) or Greek Struggle in Macedonia (ブルガリア語:Гръцка въоръжена пропаганда в Македония), "''Greek armed propaganda in Macedonia''") was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts between Greeks and Bulgarians in the region of Ottoman Macedonia between 1904 and 1908. The conflict was part of a wider rebel war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia. Gradually the Greek bands gained the upper hand, but the conflict was ended by the Young Turk Revolution in 1908.
==Background==
Since the creation of the modern Greek state in 1830, the Megali Idea, an irredentist concept of a Greek state, dominated Greek politics. The Megali Idea project called for the annexation of all ethnic Greek lands, including Macedonia, parts of which had participated in the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, were unsuccessful and remained under foreign rule. There was a rebellion in 1854 aiming to unite Macedonia with Greece, but it failed.〔Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: prelude to collapse, 1839-1878, 2000, pages 249-252〕
Initially the conflict was waged through educational and religious propaganda, with a fierce rivalry developing between supporters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, who generally identified as Greek, and supporters of the Bulgarian Exarchate, which had been established by the Ottomans in 1870.〔
As Ottoman rule in the Balkans crumbled in the late 19th century, competition arose between Greeks and Bulgarians (and to a lesser extent also other ethnic groups such as Serbs, Aromanians and Albanians) over the multi-ethnic region of Macedonia.〔Clogg, Richard. ''A Concise History of Greece''. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 257 pages. p.81.〕 The defeat of Greece in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 was a loss that appalled Greeks.〔Clogg, Richard. ''A Concise History of Greece''. Cambridge University Press, 1992. p. 71.〕 The Ethniki Eteria was dissolved by Prime Minister Theotokis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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